The European Commission has set out policy guidance for EU countries to help them revitalise the EU's competitiveness. The guidance also steers EU countries along a path to greater strategic autonomy, economic and social resilience and cohesion, while maintaining fiscal sustainability.

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Science & Space

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Train Ride to NASA Kennedy for Artemis III Booster Segments

NASA/Brandon Hancock The final booster motor segments for NASA’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket that will help propel Artemis III astronauts on their journey to space shipped from Northrop Grumman’s Railyard Shipping Facility in Corinne, Utah on June 2. The eight booster motor segments are on their way to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida where they will form the SLS rocket’s twin, five-segment solid rocket boosters, which produce more than 75% of the total thrust at liftoff. Follow the Artemis blog for updates on Artemis III and future missions. Image credit: NASA/Brandon Hancock

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Science & Space

10 min read

NASA Webb Finds Strongest Evidence Yet for ‘Black Hole Stars’

Explore Webb Science James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NASA Webb Finds Strongest… Webb News Latest News Latest Images Webb’s Blog Awards X (offsite – login reqd) Instagram (offsite – login reqd) Facebook (offsite- login reqd) Youtube (offsite) Overview About Who is James Webb? Fact Sheet Impacts+Benefits FAQ Webb Timeline Science Overview and Goals Early Universe Galaxies Over Time Star Lifecycle Other Worlds Science/Engineering Explainers Observatory Overview Launch Deployment Orbit Mirrors Sunshield Instruments & ISIM Module Instrument: NIRCam Instrument: MIRI Instrument: NIRSpec Instrument: FGS/NIRISS Optical Telescope Element Backplane Spacecraft Bus Webb vs Hubble -> Multimedia About Webb Images Images Videos What is Webb Observing? 3d Webb in 3d Solar System Podcasts Webb Image Sonifications Webb’s First Images Team International Team People Of Webb More For the Media For Scientists For Educators For Fun/Learning 7 Min Read NASA Webb Finds Strongest Evidence Yet for ‘Black Hole Stars’ While the primary purpose of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observations of galaxy cluster Abell S1063 was to look for a certain population of stars, scientists obtained a detailed spectrum of GLIMPSE-17775 from the dataset. This little red dot is located behind Abell S1063. Credits: Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, Vasily Kokorev (UT Austin); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI) The complex puzzle known as little red dots has become more complete since their initial discovery by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in 2022. Now a particular little red dot’s spectrum is helping connect many of the pieces. A team of astronomers led by Vasily Kokorev at the University of Texas at Austin identified the lucky dot in question: GLIMPSE-17775. By carefully analyzing the dot’s spectrum captured by Webb — the deepest spectrum to date of a little red dot — the research team has identified multiple lines of evidence, all of which support the interpretation that GLIMPSE-17775 is a supermassive black hole enveloped in a dense cocoon of partially ionized gas, a model referred to as the BH* (black hole star) scenario. A paper describing the results was published today in The Astrophysical Journal . “I think part of the scientific community is converging on a singular picture — that little red dots can be explained by black hole star models. But none of the previous little red dots have all of the pieces of evidence in the same place,” said Kokorev, lead author of the study. “With GLIMPSE-17775 we can test these models because of how deep and amazing this source’s spectrum is.” Image: Abell S1063 with Pullout of GLIMPSE-17775 (NIRCam Image) While the primary purpose of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observations of galaxy cluster Abell S1063 was to look for a certain population of stars, scientists obtained a detailed spectrum of GLIMPSE-17775 from the dataset. This little red dot is located behind Abell S1063. Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, Vasily Kokorev (UT Austin); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI) Connecting puzzle pieces Soon after Webb first began science operations, it discovered a new, mysterious type of object in the very early universe – abundant red objects that emerged about 600 million years after the big bang. Scientists have explored multiple explanations for these little red dots, including the black hole star scenario . A set of fortunate circumstances brought about this new, elaborate spectrum of a little red dot. The little red dot that would come to be known as GLIMPSE-17775 was fortunately included in Webb’s imaging and spectroscopy efforts for a project that sought to look for Population III stars and faint galaxies in galaxy cluster Abell S1063. This little red dot is more distant than the galaxy cluster and magnified by gravitational lensing . (GLIMPSE-17775 has a cosmological redshift of 3.5, meaning it existed about 1.8 billion years after the big bang.) While Webb provided a 30-hour spectrum of the little red dot, the effect of gravitational lensing made it equivalent to 80 hours of telescope time. This combination of Webb’s infrared sensitivity and nature’s own “magnifying glass” amplified the amount of detail that could be gleaned from GLIMPSE-17775. The result was more than 40 spectral lines from this small, red source, which is the most detailed little red dot spectrum to date. “When we saw the spectrum for the first time, it was like having all the pieces of a puzzle scattered on the floor,” said Kokorev. “We picked up each piece of the puzzle, measured the lines, and started combining the different pieces into a mosaic. Maybe a few pieces looked like nothing at first, but then a couple of them came together, and we realized that there was something there.” The spectroscopic data collected by Webb contains multiple lines of evidence that support the interpretation that little red dot GLIMPSE-17775 is a black hole star: a rapidly accreting, or growing, black hole enveloped in a dense gas cocoon, which is reprocessing the light emitted from near the black hole and producing the features seen in the spectrum. Image: Evidence of a ‘Black Hole Star’ NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope captured the deepest spectrum to date of a little red dot. More than 40 spectral lines have been discerned from the data, many of which independently support the theory that GLIMPSE-17775 is a black hole enshrouded by a hot, dense gas cocoon. Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Vasily Kokorev (UT Austin); Designer: Leah Hustak (STScI) Lines of evidence Among the 40-plus lines that the team detected in GLIMPSE-17775’s spectrum were various independent indicators that all align with the BH* scenario. For example, the team found that many of the spectral lines, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and helium, do not fit a simple model of a rotating gas cloud. Instead, the best fit model includes a broadening effect known as electron scattering, a telltale sign that a dense, layered gas cocoon is enshrouding this source. The strength and ratios of certain lines to each other, most notably the 16 iron lines that compose what the team has dubbed an “iron forest” and certain oxygen lines, require a high-energy source to produce them, like a rapidly accreting black hole. Additionally, astronomers noted the fluorescence and absorption of helium in the spectrum, both of which individually suggest that there is a dense medium enveloping a powerful source. The BH* scenario not only fits GLIMPSE-17775; it also accounts for why most little red dots are faint in X-rays, since any such emission is likely absorbed by the dense gas cocoon. One missing element of the GLIMPSE-17775 puzzle piece is the part of the spectrum that would reveal what’s known as a Balmer break, or a strong dip in the emitted light that’s a signature characteristic of little red dots. To build a more comprehensive understanding of this little red dot, the team incorporated ancillary data from two observing programs that used NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope: the Frontier Fields and BUFFALO (Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier Fields And Legacy Observations) programs. The Webb and Hubble data together help explain why the Balmer break is weaker than what typically is found in other little red dots: A giant host galaxy is surrounding GLIMPSE-17775. Although a little red dot’s host galaxy is not something that has been usually seen at such scale before, it isn’t inconsistent with the dense gas cocoon model. The black hole star model of little red dots attributes excess blue light to stars in the host galaxy. When Webb first discovered little red dots, some researchers thought these objects had “broken cosmology,” unsure how galaxies could have grown so big so quickly in the early universe to account for all this light coming from their stars. However, the team believes the GLIMPSE-17775 puzzle piece fits nicely in the existing framework of the universe’s evolutionary history, because black hole masses don’t need to be as high in order to explain the broad emission lines. “Everything fits, nothing is broken, and I think that makes the puzzle that is our universe even better,” said Kokorev. “Looking ahead, I’m eager to dive deeper and learn about what is powering the central engines of little red dots. While we think it’s a black hole, there are some other interesting theories being proposed, which is exciting. Maybe in a year or two, we’ll have the final answer to what powers these sources.” The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency). To learn more about Webb, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/webb Downloads & Related Information The following sections contain links to download this article’s images and videos in all available resolutions followed by related information links, media contacts, and if available, research paper and Spanish translation links. Related Images & Videos Abell S1063 with Pullout of GLIMPSE-17775 (NIRCam Image) While the primary purpose of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observations of galaxy cluster Abell S1063 was to look for a certain population of stars, scientists obtained a detailed spectrum of GLIMPSE-17775 from the dataset. This little red dot is located behind Abell S1063. Evidence of a ‘Black Hole Star’ NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope captured the deepest spectrum to date of a little red dot. More than 40 spectral lines have been discerned from the data, many of which independently support the theory that GLIMPSE-17775 is a black hole enshrouded by a hot, dense gas cocoon. Related Links Read more: Black Hole Basics Explore more: ViewSpace | Black Holes: Searching for the unseen Watch: NASA Black Hole Visualization Takes Viewers Beyond the Brink Watch: What Webb Learns from Light Explore more: NASA’s Universe of Learning: Black Hole Resources Read more: NASA Connects Little Red Dots with Chandra, Webb More Webb News More Webb Images Webb Science Themes Webb Mission Page Share Details Last Updated Jun 10, 2026 Location NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Contact Media Laura Betz NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland [email protected] Abigail Major Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, Maryland Christine Pulliam Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, Maryland Related Terms James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Astrophysics Black Holes Goddard Space Flight Center Science & Research The Universe Keep Exploring Related Topics James Webb Space Telescope Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the… Black Holes Stars Universe

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Data & Statistics

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APRI_LPRC - "Dataset: updated data"

Agricultural land prices by region

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Science & Space

11 min read

Jim Irons, Former Landsat Project Scientist, Wins Pecora Award

Landsat Navigation Landsat Home Missions Landsat 10 Landsat 9 Landsat 8 Landsat 7 Landsat 6 Landsat 5 Landsat 4 Landsat 3 Landsat 2 Landsat 1 News Latest News People of Landsat Q&As Newsletter Publications Data Overview Cal/Val Open Data Benefits Overview Agriculture & Food Security Disaster Management Ecosystems & Biodiversity Energy Resources Forest Management Human Health Urban Development Water Resources Wildfires Case Studies Outreach Multimedia About Search Now an emeritus scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Dr. Jim Irons is the former Landsat 8 Project and GSFC Earth Science Division Director. Last month, Landsat’s very own Jim Irons won the prestigious William T. Pecora Award. Irons, now an emeritus scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, played an integral role in shaping the Landsat program into what it is today. He served as deputy project scientist for Landsat 7 before taking over as project scientist for Landsat 8. From the earliest days of Landsat 8—then called the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)—all the way through launch and operation, Irons worked across the agency and with colleagues at the USGS to ensure that Landsat continued providing critical data to researchers around the world. He championed rigorous calibration standards and fought to keep the thermal band on Landsat 8. Now, with projects like OpenET relying on evapotranspiration data derived from Landsat thermal imagery, the strength of his vision has only become more apparent. Irons also served as the director of NASA Goddard’s Earth Science Division during the turbulent early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contending with global disruption, he prioritized making sure that everyone had the support that they needed to continue doing great work. As a leader and a scientist, Irons left a legacy of collaboration and innovation that lives on today. We checked in with Irons about his role in Landsat’s history, what it takes to be a good leader, and winning the Pecora award: NASA missions are so collaborative. Are there mentors, colleagues, or teams that you would want to share this recognition with or give special mention to? One reason I feel so honored is that prior recipients have been my supervisors, mentors, role models, and colleagues whose work I admired and who inspired me. There’s a long list of people who have been recipients, and I am very honored to be added to that list. There are also many people who have not yet been recognized who are very deserving. I’ve written letters of support for others, and I hope I’m called on again because there are more people who deserve recognition than there are awards to give out. One of the things highlighted in the Pecora Award announcement was your commitment to the long-term continuous data record of Landsat. Looking at the Landsat program, why is this continuity so critical for Earth science today? Data continuity is the backbone of the Landsat program. We are looking for change over time. When we talk about climate change and the impact of humans on the land surface, those changes are multi-decadal. We wouldn’t be able to understand, characterize, and monitor those changes without a continuous data record. And it’s really important that the data record is well-calibrated. When we see changes between data from one Landsat sensor relative to another, we need to be confident that it’s a change occurring on the Earth, not a change in the performance of the sensors. That’s another major contribution cited in your award: how much you pushed for rigorous data calibration and quality assurance. How did you establish those processes, and how did that make Landsat the gold standard of satellite data? Early in my career, I got in trouble over calibration. NASA was flying an airborne sensor called the Thematic Mapper Simulator, intended to anticipate the capabilities of Landsat 4 and 5. But the operators kept changing the radiometric gain in-flight to maximize the dynamic range. I told NASA Headquarters that we couldn’t compare that data to the actual Thematic Mappers if they kept changing the gain—it wasn’t the same radiometry! The HQ manager got really upset, but I weathered the storm and stuck to my guns. Later, when Landsat 4 and 5 were returned to the U.S. government from private operation, there had been no real calibration since launch. I advocated for a ground system component at USGS EROS to perform calibration. I didn’t build it, but I did advocate for USGS to hire a brilliant guy named Jim Storey, who developed the software for the precise geolocation of pixels in the data. When I became Landsat 8 Project Scientist, we needed a pre-launch calibration lead. I advocated for Brian Markham. Brian just did a remarkable job ensuring the calibration of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and its cross-calibration with previous instruments. He was modest, humble, and built a highly effective team across private industry and agencies. Another important part of your legacy was the effort to ensure that thermal-infrared measurements continued onto Landsat 8. Why was retaining those measurements so important? Back when USGS charged for data, the use of thermal data was minimal. Some well-respected papers even claimed it wouldn’t be possible to use thermal data to estimate evapotranspiration rates. Based on that, the Director of Earth Sciences at NASA HQ was convinced that the thermal capability wasn’t providing a return on investment. But while this debate was ongoing, people began developing methodologies for estimating evapotranspiration and water consumption using thermal data—prominently Martha Anderson at the USDA, and researchers at the University of Idaho. It became crucial for monitoring agricultural water use in the West, and was even used in adjudicating water rights. It was also useful for cloud detection and fire monitoring. I felt strongly that dropping the thermal capability was inconsistent with our directive to continue the Landsat data record. However, due to time pressures and budget constraints, the decision was initially made to fly Landsat 8 without a thermal instrument. But then, when our schedule was pushed back by an independent review board, a window opened up. Center Director Ed Weiler, who had moved to HQ, supported putting a thermal sensor on the payload. Kathy Richardson and engineer Fernando Pellerano were assigned to build it on an incredibly tight schedule, and they did an unbelievable job. Now, deriving evapotranspiration rates for water consumption is considered essential. Ironically, for Landsat 9, NASA HQ even briefly considered launching a satellite with only a thermal sensor! You were the Project Scientist from the earliest days of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) all the way through the Landsat 8 launch and beyond. What was the biggest challenge you faced during its development? There were a lot of problems. Laughs. Because of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992, the government was exploring commercial data buys for the follow-on mission. NASA spent five painful years attempting to implement LDCM as a commercial data buy. Only one company ultimately responded to the RFP, and it wasn’t a good deal for NASA, so it was rejected. Then we were directed to put the Landsat sensor on an NPOESS platform (combining civilian and military weather satellite requirements). That platform wasn’t technically suitable, and the program ultimately fell apart. Finally, the Office of Science and Technology Policy directed us to launch a free-flyer. Bill Ochs took over as project manager, and he deserves so much credit for the success of Landsat 8. He essentially rescued the project and put it on a path to success. Reflecting on the partnership between USGS and NASA, how did you help build that, and what makes long-term interagency collaboration possible? Darrell Williams and I worked very hard to establish a good relationship between NASA Goddard and USGS EROS. I took many trips to Sioux Falls. With Landsat 7, the EROS Center Director at the time, Don Lauer, brought in new people with great experience, like Jim Storey, Doug Daniels, and Jim Nelson. They developed the geometric rectification software for Landsat 7, and by the time we worked on Landsat 8, they had the right people in place to develop the whole data processing system. And we all got along really well with them. We still keep in touch with a number of them and consider them friends. With Landsat 10 on the horizon, are there emerging applications or discoveries you’re excited about? Yes. A major emerging capability is using Landsat data in concert with other systems, like ESA’s Sentinel-2, or with LIDAR and radar for 3D forest mapping. The community has asked for more frequent observations, especially more frequent thermal observations to measure water consumption more precisely without extrapolating over long gaps during the growing season. There’s also great interest in using Landsat for water quality assessment, combining it with the PACE mission to monitor coastal and inland water quality. And tracking glacial velocities, glacial retreat, and even population displacement in conflict regions are all expanding areas. Landsat is truly foundational. What was your biggest takeaway about leadership from your role as Director for the Earth Science Division at Goddard? I was asked to step up after my predecessor, Piers Sellers—who was an absolute superstar—passed away. My main goal was simply to create an environment where the highly diverse researchers within the division could be successful. I wanted to minimize bureaucratic hindrances so they could focus on their work. What I learned is that there is a limit to authority. Dictating doesn’t work. You have to lead, engage people, bring them into discussions, and get their buy-in. I used to joke that the job was like working with 1,400 valedictorians! It’s a high-achieving, dedicated group. My challenge was sometimes just reminding them to respect the work of the person down the hall, because people can get so fiercely focused on their own research. My primary goal during my tenure was to provide stability, especially since it spanned what was then the longest government shutdown in history, followed by the COVID-19 pandemic. I was incredibly impressed by how productive the division remained through a complete disruption in how they worked. What is the most important piece of advice you would give to young scientists? Persistence. Persistence in pursuing your interests is critical. The only reason Landsat 8 was a success was that we persisted through several failed attempts to reformulate the program, schedule challenges, and budget uncertainties. Funding and mission success aren’t entitlements based on your name or reputation. You have to work hard, keep putting forward proposals, do good work, and persist through rejections. If you really believe in what you’re doing, Goddard is a great place to work. You can get a lot done. But it takes persistence. This interview was condensed and lightly edited for clarity. Explore More Jim Irons, Former Landsat Project Scientist, Wins Pecora Award 9 min read Landsat’s Jim Irons won the prestigious William T. Pecora Award. Irons, now an emeritus scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,… Jun 10, 2026 Article Digging Back in Time in the UAE 5 min read Once below a shallow sea, Jabal al Fāyah now stands above the desert in the United Arab Emirates as a… Jun 8, 2026 Article Fire’s Footprint on Santa Rosa Island 3 min read A wildland fire charred grassland, coastal sage scrub, and chaparral across one-third of the island, the second largest of the… Jun 2, 2026 Article 1 2 3 … 312 Next

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Science & Space

4 min read

GLOBE Mission Earth Educators Participate in Land Cover Community of Practice

Explore This Section Science Science Activation GLOBE Mission Earth Educators… Overview Resources Opportunities Citizen Science Highlights About Science Activation 3 min read GLOBE Mission Earth Educators Participate in Land Cover Community of Practice During the 2025-2026 school year, educators from the NASA Science Activation Program’s GLOBE (Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment) Mission Earth project participated in a specialized Community of Practice led by NASA Langley Research Center to refine how students interact with NASA’s land cover data ( MODIS , Landsat , and Sentinel-2 ). Their collaboration focused on four key areas: Data Collection: Improving the process of making and submitting land cover observations to NASA using the GLOBE Observer App . Curriculum Integration: Identifying connections between land cover observations, satellite data, and classroom learning. Student Research: Brainstorming potential land cover research topics/questions for students. Validation: Providing expert feedback on the satellite comparison process. Through GLOBE, communities can contribute meaningful environmental data to a long-term data record. When participants make observations of land cover via GLOBE Observer, the team at NASA Langley compares their observation with satellite data for a similar time and location and sends a satellite comparison email, which includes a data table that shows how their GLOBE observation and the corresponding satellite data compare. Key Community of Practice Findings : The Community of Practice included a total of 14 educators, with six actively collecting land cover observations with their students using the GLOBE Observer app. These land cover observations were collocated to MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel-2 data with educators receiving a satellite comparison email. Within the scope of this Community of Practice, 10 of the educators developed student research plans for the 2026-2027 school year focused on land cover data, addressing questions such as: How does land cover affect surface temperature? How has land use changed over time for our local area? How does land cover differ for locations (such as other schools) at the same latitude but different longitudes? How do different land covers impact flooding? The educators were extremely excited to have the opportunity to interact and learn from each other as a community, as well as to connect with NASA subject matter experts. Based on lessons learned from the Community of Practice, the team has a better understanding of how NASA land cover data can be incorporated in the classroom, what types of research questions educators might present to their students, and resources that could be developed to assist educators in the implementation of their research plans. Within the scope of the Land Cover Community of Practice (COP), educators were asked to provide feedback for the GLOBE Mission Earth GLOBE Nature Notes Guide that was developed by the NASA Langley team, leveraging the Nature Note model created by the NASA Science Activation program’s Learning Ecosystems North East (LENE) project, which is led by the Gulf of Maine Research Institute. The GLOBE Nature Notes aligned with GLOBE protocols were developed to assist educators in integrating the Nature Notes process with their students’ GLOBE observations. One of the COP educators is currently developing an example of a land cover GLOBE Nature Note that will be shared with the GLOBE and NASA Science Activation community, once completed. Educators can join the GLOBE Program and contribute observations of Land Cover and other environmental conditions by downloading the GLOBE Observer app and learning more about Land Cover . Sample of a NASA GLOBE Observer satellite comparison table that gets emailed to a participant after submitting a land cover observation. (NASA Langley GLOBE Mission Earth Science Activation project team). NASA GLOBE Observer GLOBE Mission Earth is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement award number NNX16AC54A and is part of NASA’s Science Activation Portfolio. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn/about-science-activation/ . Share Details Last Updated Jun 10, 2026 Related Terms Science Activation Earth Science Division

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Science & Space

4 min read

NASA’s CloudCube Pioneers Miniaturized Radar to Study Clouds, Precipitation

A compact, multifrequency radar built by a team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory will make it easier to collect information about dynamic cloud systems. Called CloudCube, this new instrument simultaneously probes the atmosphere with three radar signals, spanning 36 to 240 GHz, for optimized sensitivity to a wide range of water droplet and ice particle sizes. Figure 1: A prototype of CloudCube’s G-band channel was installed at Cape Grim, Tasmania, as a guest instrument for the Department of Energy’s Cloud and Precipitation Experiment at Kennaook (CAPE-K) Credit: Raquel Rodriguez Monje / JPL Built with funding from NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program , CloudCube transmits and receives Ka-, W-, and G-band signals, making it the first compact radar system capable of simultaneously probing meteorological targets at wavelengths spanning approximately one to ten millimeters. Researchers will be able to combine information from the three signals to learn more about the initiation and evolution of precipitation, as well as cloud microphysics and radiative properties. “We’re making a low-power, low-mass instrument to facilitate new cost-efficient missions for atmospheric observations. Building a multi-frequency radar, especially at G-band, is very novel,” said Raquel Rodriguez Monje, a systems engineer at JPL and principal investigator for CloudCube. Each of CloudCube’s three signals observes a different element of cloud physics. Ka-band radar signals are ideal for collecting precipitation profiles; W-band radar signals are preferred for measuring cloud particles that give rise to precipitation; and G-band radar signals, which have never been collected from a space-based instrument, are ideal for measuring ice and liquid water content inside very light clouds (a paper describing this measurement can be found here ). Probing the atmosphere simultaneously with three signals allows researchers to collect data on all these cloud features at once, which is valuable for improving weather forecasts and especially climate modeling. CloudCube leverages innovations in millimeter-wave hardware to pack three radar modules–one for each signal–within a single compact system. Figure 2. A photo of the radar electronics for CloudCube’s compact G-band radar. Producing G-band radar signals requires a large amount of energy, and CloudCube is one of the first instruments to produce those signals effectively from a compact platform. Credit: Raquel Rodriguez Monje / NASA JPL One CloudCube innovation concerns the specialized components required to transmit G-band power from a compact, low-power instrument. The detection of cloud signals requires high transmit power, which CloudCube achieves by combining the outputs of multiple high-efficiency frequency-multiplication devices that allow the instrument to generate hundreds of milliWatts at 240 GHz. Another innovation of CloudCube is that it was designed to use as few radio frequency components as possible to reduce its mass and power consumption, which could lower the cost of future Earth-observing orbital instruments. Flying an instrument equipped with G-band radar in space will be a new capability and will allow researchers to achieve greater spatial resolution and sensitivity in the study of cloud microphysical processes. “Basically, we’re weighing clouds using these combinations of frequencies in a way that we couldn’t do before we had the G-band,” said Matt Lebsock, a researcher at JPL and co-investigator for CloudCube. The instrument has been tested in the field. A ground-based prototype of CloudCube’s G-band channel operated continuously for 11 months during the Department of Energy’s Cloud and Precipitation Experiment at Kennaook (CAPE-K) campaign. CloudCube also participated in the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment, a ground campaign sponsored by the Department of Energy. A paper describing the results of that experiment can be found here. Most recently, CloudCube successfully operated all three frequency bands from NASA’s Gulfstream III aircraft and collected its first airborne observations of snowfall as part of the North American Upstream Feature-Resolving and Tropopause Uncertainty Reconnaissance Experiment campaign —a NASA-funded campaign designed to improve forecasts of high-impact winter weather. The CloudCube team is currently calibrating and processing the data for public release. For additional details, see the entry for this project on NASA TechPort. Project Lead: Dr. Raquel Rodriguez Monje, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Sponsoring Organization : NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubation Program

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Science & Space

6 min read

Tyndall’s Trail of Bergs

Earth Observatory Science Earth Observatory Tyndall’s Trail of Bergs Earth Earth Observatory Image of the Day EO Explorer Topics All Topics Atmosphere Land Heat & Radiation Life on Earth Human Dimensions Natural Events Oceans Remote Sensing Technology Snow & Ice Water More Content Collections Global Maps World of Change Articles Earth Matters Blog Blue Marble: Next Generation EO Kids Mission: Biomes About About Us Subscribe 🛜 RSS Contact Us Search May 10, 2026 The Southern Patagonian Icefield is the largest expanse of ice in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. The mass of glacial ice extends hundreds of kilometers along the spine of the Andes, feeding dozens of dynamic outlet glaciers that grind their way down from higher elevations. Many of these rivers of ice terminate in the sea or in proglacial lakes . An astronaut aboard the International Space Station photographed one of these glaciers—Tyndall Glacier in southern Chile—through a layer of ethereal clouds on May 10, 2026. Fragments of ice that had calved off its terminus were visible floating on Lago Geikie. Like most Patagonian glaciers, Tyndall has been shrinking since the end of the Little Ice Age about 150 years ago. Lago Geikie formed at Tyndall’s terminus around 1940 , according to glaciologist Mauri Pelto of Nichols College, and gradually expanded as the ice retreated. Part of the glacier previously terminated in Lago Tyndall to the east, but thinning ice cut off that outlet by 2010, Pelto said. (The ice’s retreat also exposed bedrock along its eastern edge that contains scores of ichthyosaur fossils.) Along with thinning, ice calving off the glacier’s front has reduced its volume. Tyndall has lost 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) in length since November 2022, Pelto said, following about a decade of limited retreat with considerable thinning. A significant calving event in March and April 2023 contributed to the recent uptick in ice retreat. During that time, satellites observed several large icebergs breaking away from Tyndall’s terminus. Austral autumn in 2026 was a time of active calving retreat at Tyndall (and some neighboring glaciers), Pelto said , albeit more incremental than three years prior. “The substantial crevasses crisscrossing the glacier near the calving front lead to many smaller icebergs,” he said. On the other hand, larger tabular icebergs tend to form when there are fewer deep crevasses near the terminus and the glacier’s ice is thinner. May 10, 2026 The ice cliff at the terminus casts a substantial shadow, which can help scientists estimate the height of the glacier’s front. Pelto’s calculations, using information about the Sun’s position provided with the image , indicate that Tyndall’s front loomed 30–40 meters (100–130 feet) above the lake surface in May 2026. Observations from orbit, including astronaut photographs, can help scientists monitor and understand glaciers in remote regions where ground-based observations are scarce. As for what comes next for Tyndall, Pelto expects many more small icebergs to continue breaking off, given the heavily crevassed appearance of the calving front. “Look for a burst of iceberg production next fall.” Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-582898 was acquired on May 10, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew . The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth . Story by Lindsey Doermann. Downloads May 10, 2026 (wide) JPEG (11.19 MB) May 10, 2026 (detailed) JPEG (3.43 MB) References & Resources AntarcticGlaciers.org (2020, June 22) The Patagonian Icefields today . Accessed June 9, 2026. From a Glaciers Perspective (2026, February 28) Glaciar Mayo, Argentina Terminus Collapsing in 2026: A Familiar Pattern . Accessed June 9, 2026. From a Glaciers Perspective (2023, April 18) Tyndall Glacier, Chile April 2023 Calving Retreat . Accessed June 9, 2026. Minowa M., et al . (2023) Effects of topography on dynamics and mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers in southern Patagonia . Journal of Glaciology , 69(278), 1580-1597. NASA Earth Observatory (2017, July 14) Ice on the Move in Patagonia . Accessed June 9, 2026. NASA Earth Observatory (2007, December 24) Tyndall Glacier, Chile . Accessed June 9, 2026. You may also be interested in: Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet. Record-Setting Retreat of Hektoria Glacier 5 min read Scientists relied on satellite data to understand how the Antarctic glacier lost so much ice so rapidly. Article Stonebreen’s Beating Heart 3 min read The glacier in southeastern Svalbard pulses with the changing seasons, speeding up and slowing its flow toward the sea. Article Cañon Fiord’s Whirling Waters 3 min read During the 2022 summer melt season, sediment plumes and fractured sea ice traced swirling eddies in a branch of the… Article 1 2 3 4 Next Keep Exploring Discover More from NASA Earth Science Subscribe to Earth Observatory Newsletters Subscribe to the Earth Observatory and get the Earth in your inbox. Earth Observatory Image of the Day NASA’s Earth Observatory brings you the Earth, every day, with in-depth stories and stunning imagery. Explore Earth Science Earth Science Data Open access to NASA’s archive of Earth science data

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La NASA avanza hacia la misión Artemis III en 2027 y anuncia a su tripulación

La tripulación de Artemis III posa para una foto oficial en sus trajes espaciales naranjas (de izquierda a derecha: Andre Douglas, Luca Parmitano, Randy Bresnik y Frank Rubio). Crédito: NASA/Bill Stafford Read this release in English here . La NASA dio el martes otro paso hacia una de las misiones tripuladas más complejas de la historia reciente al ofrecer nuevos detalles sobre Artemis III y anunciar a los cuatro miembros principales de la tripulación y a un suplente para este vuelo de prueba. En 2027, la misión llevará a cabo una serie de exigentes pruebas cerca de la Tierra que son esenciales para Artemis IV, la primera misión tripulada al Polo Sur lunar, prevista para 2028. En la misión Artemis III, el cohete SLS (por las siglas en inglés de Sistema de Lanzamiento Espacial) de la agencia lanzará la nave espacial Orion y a su tripulación desde el Centro Espacial Kennedy de la NASA, en Florida, a la órbita terrestre baja. Tras las verificaciones de los sistemas de Orion, la nave espacial demostrará por primera vez sus capacidades de encuentro y acoplamiento con versiones de prueba de uno o ambos sistemas comerciales estadounidenses de aterrizaje humano, que están siendo desarrollados por Blue Origin y SpaceX. Esta misión, cuidadosamente coreografiada, incluye una espectacular campaña de múltiples lanzamientos de los cohetes más potentes del mundo y pondrá a prueba el equipamiento integrado entre Orion y los módulos de aterrizaje, así como las interfaces de los sistemas, el software, la propulsión y las comunicaciones. Los astronautas asignados a la tripulación son los siguientes: el astronauta de la NASA Randy Bresnik , comandante el astronauta de la ESA (Agencia Espacial Europea) Luca Parmitano , piloto el astronauta de la NASA Andre Douglas , especialista de misión el astronauta de la NASA Frank Rubio , especialista de misión Durante el evento del martes, el astronauta de la NASA Bob Hines fue nombrado miembro suplente de la tripulación. La tripulación comenzará a entrenarse de inmediato en los sistemas de la nave espacial Orion y también colaborará en el desarrollo y las operaciones de las versiones de prueba de los módulos de aterrizaje de Blue Origin y SpaceX. “Hoy damos otro paso audaz en el regreso de la humanidad a la Luna, basándonos en los extraordinarios cimientos sentados por los astronautas de Artemis II”, dijo el administrador de la NASA, Jared Isaacman. “Sus logros reavivaron el entusiasmo mundial por la exploración, y ahora le pasan la antorcha al equipo de Artemis III: Randy, Luca, Frank y Andre. Artemis III demostrará el poder de la innovación estadounidense y la colaboración internacional mientras ponemos a prueba operaciones complejas de encuentro y acoplamiento, y avanzamos las tecnologías que algún día nos llevarán más adentro del sistema solar. Esta misión requerirá la coordinación más impresionante de lanzamientos de cohetes de carga pesada de la historia, aprovechando el talento y las capacidades de equipos de todo el ámbito gubernamental y de la comunidad de vuelos espaciales. Los astronautas de Artemis III, junto con la ESA y nuestros socios internacionales, y las decenas de miles de las personas más brillantes y capaces de la agencia y la industria, están dando inicio a una nueva edad dorada de la exploración, impulsando las esperanzas y los sueños de la próxima generación, así como los astronautas del programa Apolo lo hicieron por tantos de nosotros”. Esta también es la primera vez que se asigna a un astronauta de la ESA a una misión de Artemis. “Artemis III ampliará los límites de las operaciones de naves espaciales en órbita. La asignación de Luca como piloto refleja la profundidad de la experiencia europea en los vuelos espaciales tripulados y se basa en su amplia experiencia operativa en situaciones de alta presión”, dijo Josef Aschbacher, director general de la ESA. “Al mismo tiempo, el Módulo de Servicio Europeo de la ESA volverá a aportar las capacidades fundamentales que proporcionan energía a Orion, lo que demuestra la presencia duradera de Europa en el corazón mismo del programa Artemis. La noticia que hoy llega desde Houston es un poderoso reconocimiento del papel de la ESA al hacer posible el regreso de la humanidad a la Luna, y un avance clave en nuestra colaboración con la NASA. Los europeos pueden enorgullecerse de formar parte de este apasionante viaje”. Avances de la misión La NASA y sus socios están avanzando en los preparativos para el vuelo de prueba. Este verano boreal, los equipos de ingeniería conectarán el módulo de la tripulación y el módulo de servicio de Orion, e integrarán el sistema de acoplamiento de la nave espacial, que volará por primera vez. Continúan las pruebas del escudo térmico, ya que cada uno de los bloques ha sido sometido a inspecciones ultrasónicas y se ha instalado en la estructura del escudo térmico. El procesamiento del cohete también está muy avanzado. Los técnicos de SLS están integrando la sección del motor con el resto de la etapa central antes de instalar los cuatro motores RS-25 este verano boreal. Con todos los segmentos de los propulsores sólidos del cohete ya en el centro Kennedy de la NASA y el acondicionamiento del lanzador móvil avanzando según lo previsto, también se prevé que el apilamiento del cohete comience este verano. La NASA continúa con el diseño y la fabricación de un segmento espaciador que reemplazará la etapa superior en Artemis III. Blue Origin está desarrollando una versión tripulada de su módulo de aterrizaje lunar Blue Moon, mientras que SpaceX está desarrollando una versión de módulo de aterrizaje lunar tripulado de su nave Starship. Ambas empresas están construyendo unidades de prueba para Artemis III. La NASA brinda apoyo directo a ambos proveedores de módulos de aterrizaje durante el diseño, el desarrollo, las pruebas y la evaluación, lo que incluye compartir la experiencia y las capacidades de la agencia obtenidas en misiones anteriores. Durante el evento, la NASA ofreció actualizaciones de la agencia y de ambos socios comerciales, así como detalles sobre las operaciones previstas para Artemis III, las cuales respaldarán una mayor cadencia de misiones, aumentarán la producción e impulsarán mejoras en la cadena de suministro del programa Artemis. La misión Artemis III se basa en el exitoso vuelo de Artemis II, que se completó en abril, y ayudará a la agencia a prepararse para enviar a los primeros astronautas, estadounidenses, a Marte. Artemis III contempla el lanzamiento en rápida sucesión de los cohetes más potentes del mundo. El módulo de aterrizaje de exploración ( pathfinder ) de Blue Origin, que puede permanecer en órbita durante varias semanas, se lanzará primero y esperará a la tripulación. La NASA usará el cohete SLS para enviar a los astronautas a bordo de Orion a orbitar la Tierra, antes de un encuentro en el espacio con la unidad de prueba del módulo de aterrizaje de la empresa, con la cual Orion permanecerá acoplada durante unos dos días para llevar a cabo pruebas y demostraciones tecnológicas, incluido el ingreso al módulo de aterrizaje. Tras completar las operaciones acoplada con Blue Origin, Orion se separará y esperará a Starship. El módulo de exploración Starship de SpaceX se lanzará y se encontrará con Orion para pasar aproximadamente un día acoplados para verificaciones y pruebas. Después de eso, Orion y su tripulación se desacoplarán y regresarán a casa, amerizando de manera segura en el océano Pacífico, donde un equipo de la Marina de Estados Unidos y la NASA recuperará a los astronautas. En total, se prevé que la tripulación permanezca en el espacio durante unas dos semanas. La duración exacta de la misión se determinará en tiempo real en función de las operaciones de lanzamiento, encuentro y acoplamiento. Más información sobre los miembros de la tripulación de Artemis III Esta será la tercera misión espacial de Bresnik, quien fue lanzado a bordo del trasbordador espacial Atlantis en la misión STS-129 a la Estación Espacial Internacional en 2009. Posteriormente, viajó a la estación espacial en la nave espacial Soyuz MS-05 desde el Cosmódromo de Baikonur, en Kazajistán, y se desempeñó como ingeniero de vuelo en la Expedición 52 y como comandante de la Expedición 53 de la estación. Originario de California, se graduó en The Citadel con un título en matemáticas y fue seleccionado por la NASA en la promoción de candidatos a astronautas de 2004. Coronel retirado del Cuerpo de Marines de Estados Unidos, ha acumulado más de 7.000 horas de vuelo en 95 tipos de aeronaves y es miembro de la Sociedad de Pilotos de Pruebas Experimentales. Desde 2018, se ha desempeñado como asistente del jefe de la Oficina de Astronautas para asuntos de exploración, supervisando el desarrollo y las pruebas de la nave espacial y los sistemas que operarán durante las misiones de Artemis. Artemis III también será el tercer vuelo espacial de Parmitano. Seleccionado por la ESA como astronauta en 2009, primero se desempeñó como ingeniero de vuelo en la primera misión de larga duración de la Agencia Espacial Italiana (ASI, por sus siglas en italiano) a la estación espacial, despegando en una nave Soyuz desde Baikonur en 2013. Regresó al laboratorio orbital en 2019 a bordo de Soyuz MS-13 para su segunda misión, durante la cual ejerció de comandante de la Expedición 61 y se convirtió en el tercer europeo, y el primer italiano, en comandar la estación. Parmitano obtuvo una licenciatura en ciencias políticas en la Universidad de Nápoles Federico II y una maestría en ingeniería de pruebas de vuelo experimentales en el Instituto Superior de la Aeronáutica y del Espacio en Toulouse, Francia. Graduado de la Academia de la Fuerza Aérea Italiana, se convirtió en piloto de pruebas en 2007 y fue ascendido a coronel en 2019. Ha acumulado más de 2.000 horas de vuelo en 40 tipos de aeronaves. Este será el segundo viaje al espacio de Rubio, quien fue lanzado a bordo de la nave espacial Soyuz MS-22 desde Baikonur a la estación espacial el 21 de septiembre de 2022 y regresó el 27 de septiembre de 2023, batiendo el récord del vuelo espacial individual más largo realizado por un astronauta estadounidense, con 371 días en órbita. Rubio fue seleccionado por la NASA en la promoción de candidatos a astronautas de 2017. Originario de Florida, se graduó en la Academia Militar de Estados Unidos en 1998, obtuvo un doctorado en medicina en la Universidad de Servicios Uniformados de las Ciencias de la Salud en 2010 y ha servido durante más de 28 años en el Ejército de Estados Unidos como aviador, médico y astronauta. La misión es el primer vuelo espacial de Douglas. Fue seleccionado por la NASA en la promoción de candidatos a astronautas de 2021 y anteriormente se desempeñó como miembro suplente y de la tripulación de cierre de la misión Artemis II de la agencia. Originario de Virginia, Douglas obtuvo una licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica en la Academia de la Guardia Costera de Estados Unidos y cuatro títulos de posgrado en distintas instituciones, entre ellos un doctorado en ingeniería de sistemas de la Universidad George Washington. Durante su tiempo en la Guardia Costera, llevó a cabo operaciones de búsqueda y rescate, salvamento marítimo e interdicción de drogas. Además, su trabajo en el Laboratorio de Física Aplicada de la Universidad Johns Hopkins incluyó el diseño y la prueba de vehículos autónomos multidominio, sistemas de exploración espacial y numerosas plataformas de guerra submarina. Como miembro suplente de la tripulación, Hines se entrenará junto con Bresnik, Parmitano, Rubio y Douglas. En caso de que un miembro principal de la tripulación no pueda participar en la misión, se uniría a la tripulación de Artemis III. Hines se desempeñó anteriormente como piloto de la misión SpaceX Crew 4 de la NASA a la Estación Espacial Internacional. Seleccionado por la NASA en la promoción de candidatos a astronautas de 2017, antes de su selección se desempeñó como piloto de investigación en el Centro Espacial Johnson de la agencia. Es coronel de la Fuerza Aérea de Estados Unidos, con más de 27 años de servicio como piloto instructor, piloto de combate y piloto de pruebas. Como parte de una edad de oro de innovación y exploración, la NASA enviará astronautas en misiones cada vez más difíciles para explorar más de la Luna con fines de descubrimiento científico y beneficios económicos, establecer una presencia humana duradera en la superficie lunar y continuar sentando las bases para las primeras misiones tripuladas a Marte. Aprende más sobre el programa Artemis: https://www.nasa.gov/artemis (inglés) https://ciencia.nasa.gov/artemis (español) -fin- Bethany Stevens / Amber Jacobson / María José Viñas Sede central, Washington +1 202-358-1600 [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] Anna Schneider Centro Espacial Johnson, Houston 281-483-5111 [email protected] Share Details Last Updated Jun 09, 2026 Editor María José Viñas Location NASA Headquarters Related Terms NASA en español

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Flight Dynamics Research Facility Characteristics

1 min read Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) Home Characteristics The Flight Dynamics Research Facility (FDRF) is a large, subsonic wind tunnel with a vertical test section for conducting flight dynamics research for stability, controllability, free-fall and aircraft spin, and spin recovery testing of atmospheric vehicles. Characteristics Test Section Dimensions: 20 ft. diam. by 24 ft. high Speed: 0 – 172 ft/s (0 – 117 mph) Dynamic Pressure: (0 – 35 psf) Reynolds Number: 0 – 1.10×10^6 per ft. Pressure: Atmospheric Temperature: Actively cooled (79° F) Test Gas: Air Facility Height: 131 ft. Flight Dynamics Flight Research Aerosciences Evaluation and Test Capabilities Facebook logo @NASA @NASAaero @NASAes @NASA @NASAaero @NASA_es Instagram logo @NASA @NASAaero @NASA_es Linkedin logo @NASA Explore More 4 min read Award-Winning NASA Camera Revolutionizes How We See the Invisible Article 4 months ago 4 min read NASA Software Raises Bar for Aircraft Icing Research Article 6 months ago 5 min read NASA Advances Pressure Sensitive Paint Research Capability Article 11 months ago Keep Exploring Discover More Topics From NASA Missions Humans In Space Solar System Exploration Eyes on the Solar System Explore NASA’s History Share Details Last Updated Jun 09, 2026 Editor Lillian Gipson Contact Jim Banke jim.banke@nasa.gov Related Terms Aerosciences Evaluation Test Capabilities

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Artemis III Crew Announced

NASA/Robert Markowitz NASA astronaut Andre Douglas , ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano , and NASA astronauts Randy Bresnik and Frank Rubio take a photo together on June 9, 2026. The four were announced as the Artemis III crew. NASA’s Artemis III mission in low Earth orbit will test integrated operations between the Orion spacecraft and one or both commercial landers from SpaceX and Blue Origin respectively. Learn more about the next Artemis mission and the crew. Image credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

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NASA Marches Toward Artemis III Mission in 2027, Names Crew Members

The Artemis III crew poses for an official portrait (from left: Andre Douglas, Luca Parmitano, Randy Bresnik, Frank Rubio). Credit: NASA/Bill Stafford Taking another step toward one of the most complex human spaceflight missions in recent history, NASA on Tuesday provided new Artemis III details and announced the four prime crew members and a backup for the test flight. The mission will undertake a series of challenging tests in Earth orbit in 2027, essential for Artemis IV, the first planned crewed mission to the lunar South Pole in 2028. During Artemis III, the agency’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket will launch the Orion spacecraft and its crew from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida to low Earth orbit. After Orion systems checkouts, the spacecraft will, for the first time, demonstrate rendezvous and docking capabilities with test versions from one, or both, American commercial human landing systems in development by Blue Origin and SpaceX. This highly choreographed mission includes a dramatic multi-launch campaign of the world’s most powerful rockets, testing integrated hardware between Orion and the landers, including system interfaces, software, propulsion, and communications. Crew assignments are as follows: NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik , commander ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano , pilot NASA astronaut Andre Douglas , mission specialist NASA astronaut Frank Rubio , mission specialist As part of Tuesday’s event, NASA astronaut Bob Hines was named as a backup crew member. The crew will begin training immediately on Orion spacecraft systems, as well as assist in the development and operations of the test versions of Blue Origin and SpaceX landers . “Today we take another bold step in humanity’s return to the Moon, building on the extraordinary foundation laid by the Artemis II astronauts,” said NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman. “Their achievements reignited global excitement for exploration, and now they pass the torch to the Artemis III team, Randy, Luca, Frank, and Andre. Artemis III will demonstrate the power of American innovation and international partnership as we test complex rendezvous and docking operations and advance the technologies that will one day carry us deeper into the solar system. This mission will require the most awe-inspiring coordination of heavy-lift rocket launches in history, drawing on the talent and capability of teams across government and the spaceflight community. The Artemis III astronauts, alongside ESA and our international partners, and the tens of thousands of the best and brightest across the agency and industry, are ushering in a new Golden Age of exploration carrying forward the hopes and dreams of the next generation just as the Apollo astronauts did for so many of us.”  This also is the first time an ESA astronaut has been assigned an Artemis mission. “Artemis III will push the boundaries of spacecraft operations in orbit. Luca’s assignment as pilot reflects the depth of European expertise in human spaceflight and draws on his extensive operational experience in high-pressure situations,” said Josef Aschbacher, ESA’s director general. “At the same time, ESA’s European Service Module will once again provide the critical capabilities that power Orion, demonstrating Europe’s enduring role at the very heart of the Artemis program. The news out of Houston today is a powerful recognition of ESA’s role in enabling humanity’s return to the Moon – and a key advancement in our partnership with NASA. Europeans can take pride in being part of this exciting journey.” Mission progress NASA and its partners are making progress preparing for the test flight. Engineers will connect the Orion crew module and service module this summer and integrate the spacecraft’s docking system, which will fly for the first time. Heat shield testing continues with individual blocks having undergone ultra-sonic inspections and installation onto the heat shield structure. Rocket processing also is well underway. Technicians for SLS are integrating the engine section to the rest of the core stage ahead of installing the four RS-25 engines this summer. With all solid rocket booster segments now at NASA Kennedy and mobile launcher refurbishments on track, rocket stacking also is scheduled to begin this summer. NASA continues design and fabrication of a spacer that will replace the upper stage on Artemis III. Blue Origin is developing a crewed lunar version of the company’s Blue Moon lander, while SpaceX is developing a crewed lunar lander version of the company’s Starship, with both companies building test articles for Artemis III. NASA is supporting both lander providers hands-on throughout design, development, testing, and evaluation, including sharing agency expertise and capabilities gained from previous missions. In addition to status updates from NASA and both commercial partners, the agency discussed details during the event about the planned operations for Artemis III, which will support an increased mission cadence, ramp up production, and drive supply chain improvements for the Artemis program. The Artemis III mission builds on the successful Artemis II flight completed in April and will help the agency prepare to send the first astronauts, Americans, to Mars. Artemis III includes launching the world’s most powerful rockets in short order. Blue Origin’s lander pathfinder, which is able to stay in orbit for multiple weeks, will launch first and await the crew. NASA will send the astronauts aboard Orion by SLS to orbit Earth, before rendezvousing in space with the company’s lander test article and spending about two days docked together for tests and technology demonstrations, including entering the lander. After completing docked operations with Blue Origin, Orion will detach and await Starship. SpaceX’s Starship pathfinder will launch and meet up with Orion to spend about a day connected for checkouts and testing. After that, Orion and its crew will undock and return home, splashing safely down in the Pacific Ocean where a team from the U.S. Navy and NASA will recover the astronauts. In total, the crew is expected to remain in space for about two weeks, with exact mission length to be determined in real-time based on launch, rendezvous, and docked operations. Learn more about Artemis III crew members This will be the third mission to space for Bresnik, having launched aboard space shuttle Atlantis on the STS-129 mission to the International Space Station in 2009. He later flew on the Soyuz MS-05 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the space station, serving as a flight engineer for the station’s Expedition 52 and commander of Expedition 53. A California native, he graduated from The Citadel with a degree in mathematics and was selected by NASA in the 2004 astronaut candidate class. A retired U.S. Marine colonel, he has logged more than 7,000 hours in 95 types of aircraft and is a fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. Since 2018, he has served as assistant to the chief of the Astronaut Office for exploration, overseeing the development and testing of the spacecraft and systems that will operate during Artemis missions. Artemis III also will be the third spaceflight for Parmitano. Selected by ESA as an astronaut in 2009, he first served as a flight engineer on the Italian Space Agency’s (ASI) first long-duration mission to the space station, launching on a Soyuz from Baikonur in 2013. He returned to the orbital laboratory in 2019 aboard Soyuz MS-13 for his second mission, during which he served as commander of Expedition 61, becoming the third European, and the first Italian, to command the station. Parmitano earned a bachelor’s degree in political sciences from the University of Naples Federico II and a master’s degree in experimental flight test engineering from the Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace in Toulouse, France. A graduate of the Italian Air Force Academy, he became a test pilot in 2007 and was promoted to colonel in 2019. He has logged more than 2,000 flight hours across 40 types of aircraft. Rubio is making his second trip to space. He launched aboard the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft from Baikonur to the space station on Sept. 21, 2022, and returned on Sept. 27, 2023, breaking the record for the longest single-duration spaceflight by an American astronaut with 371 days in orbit. Rubio was selected by NASA in the 2017 astronaut candidate class. A Florida native, he graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1998, earned a doctor of medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in 2010, and has served for more than 28 years in the U.S. Army as an aviator, a physician, and an astronaut. The mission is Douglas’ first spaceflight. Selected by NASA in the 2021 astronaut candidate class, he previously served as a backup and closeout crew member for the agency’s Artemis II mission. A Virginia native, Douglas earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and four postgraduate degrees from various institutions, including a doctorate in systems engineering from George Washington University. During his time in the Coast Guard, he conducted search and rescue, maritime salvage, and drug interdiction operations. Additionally, his time at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory involved designing and testing multidomain autonomous vehicles, space exploration systems, and numerous undersea warfare platforms. Serving as a backup crew member, Hines will train alongside Bresnik, Parmitano, Rubio, and Douglas. Should a primary crew member be unable to participate in the mission, he would join the Artemis III crew. Hines previously served as pilot of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-4 mission to the International Space Station. Selected by NASA in the 2017 astronaut candidate class, he served as a research pilot at the agency’s Johnson Space Center prior to his selection. He is a colonel in the U.S. Air Force with more than 27 years of service as an instructor pilot, fighter pilot, and test pilot. As part of the Golden Age of innovation and exploration, NASA will send Artemis astronauts on increasingly difficult missions to explore more of the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, establish an enduring human presence on the lunar surface, and to build on our foundation for the first crewed missions to Mars. Learn more about NASA’s Artemis program: https://www.nasa.gov/artemis -end- Bethany Stevens / Amber Jacobson Headquarters, Washington 202-358-1600 [email protected] / [email protected] Anna Schneider Johnson Space Center, Houston 281-483-5111 [email protected] Share Details Last Updated Jun 09, 2026 Location NASA Headquarters Related Terms Artemis Artemis 3 Missions

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